This little registry allows us to quickly query a complete list of classes that are defined and used by Zope 3. The prime feature of the class is the getClassesThatImplement(iface) method that returns all classes that implement the passed interface. Another method, getSubclassesOf(klass) returns all registered subclassess of the given class.
The class registry, subclassing the dictionary type, can be instantiated like any other dictionary:
>>> from zope.app.apidoc.classregistry import ClassRegistry >>> reg = ClassRegistry()
Let's now add a couple of classes to registry. The classes should implement some interfaces, so that we can test all methods on the class registry:
>>> from zope.interface import Interface, implements>>> class IA(Interface): ... pass >>> class IB(IA): ... pass >>> class IC(Interface): ... pass >>> class ID(Interface): ... pass>>> class A(object): ... implements(IA) >>> reg['A'] = A>>> class B: ... implements(IB) >>> reg['B'] = B>>> class B2(object): ... implements(IB) >>> reg['B2'] = B2>>> class C(object): ... implements(IC) >>> reg['C'] = C >>> class A2(A): ... pass >>> reg['A2'] = A2
Since the registry is just a dictionary, we can ask for all its keys, which are the names of the classes:
>>> names = reg.keys() >>> names.sort() >>> names ['A', 'A2', 'B', 'B2', 'C']>>> reg['A'] is A True
There are two API methods specific to the class registry:
This method returns all classes that implement the specified interface:
>>> pprint(reg.getClassesThatImplement(IA)) #doctest:+ELLIPSIS [('A', <class 'A'>), ('B', <class __builtin__.B at ...>), ('A2', <class 'A2'>), ('B2', <class 'B2'>)]>>> pprint(reg.getClassesThatImplement(IB)) #doctest:+ELLIPSIS [('B', <class __builtin__.B at ...>), ('B2', <class 'B2'>)]>>> pprint(reg.getClassesThatImplement(IC)) [('C', <class 'C'>)]>>> pprint(reg.getClassesThatImplement(ID)) []
This method will find all classes that inherit the specified class:
>>> pprint(reg.getSubclassesOf(A)) [('A2', <class 'A2'>)]>>> pprint(reg.getSubclassesOf(B)) []
Using the safe_import() we can quickly look up modules by minimizing import calls.
>>> from zope.app.apidoc import classregistry >>> from zope.app.apidoc.classregistry import safe_import
First we try to find the path in sys.modules, since this lookup is much more efficient than importing it. If it was not found, we go back and try to import the path. For security reasons, importing new modules is disabled by default, unless the global __import_unknown_modules__ variable is set to true. If that also fails, we return the default value.
Here are some examples:
>>> import sys >>> 'zope.app' in sys.modules True >>> safe_import('zope.app') is sys.modules['zope.app'] True >>> safe_import('weirdname') is None True
For this example, we'll create a dummy module:
>>> import os >>> import tempfile >>> dir = tempfile.mkdtemp() >>> filename = os.path.join(dir, 'testmodule.py') >>> sys.path.insert(0, dir) >>> f = open(filename, 'w') >>> f.write('# dummy module\n') >>> f.close()
The temporary module is not already imported:
>>> module_name = 'testmodule' >>> module_name in sys.modules False
When we try safe_import() now, we will still get the default value, because importing new modules is disabled by default:
>>> safe_import(module_name) is None True
But once we activate the __import_unknown_modules__ hook, the module should be imported:
>>> classregistry.__import_unknown_modules__ = True>>> safe_import(module_name).__name__ == module_name True >>> module_name in sys.modules True
Now clean up the temporary module, just to play nice:
>>> del sys.modules[module_name]
Importing some code we cannot control, such as twisted, might raise errors when imported without having a certain environment. In those cases, the safe import should prevent the error from penetrating:
>>> open(os.path.join(dir, 'alwaysfail.py'), 'w').write('raise ValueError\n') >>> sys.path.insert(0, dir)>>> safe_import('alwaysfail') is None True
Let's clean up the python path and temporary files:
>>> del sys.path[0] >>> import shutil >>> shutil.rmtree(dir)
Another method to explicitely turning off the import of certain modules is to declare that they should be ignored. For example, if we tell the class registry to ignore zope.app,
>>> classregistry.IGNORE_MODULES.append('zope.app')
then we cannot import it anymore, even though we know it is available:
>>> safe_import('zope.app') is None True
Note that all sub-packages are also unavailable:
>>> safe_import('zope.app.apidoc') is None True
We also need to play nice concerning variables and have to reset the module globals:
>>> classregistry.IGNORE_MODULES.pop() 'zope.app' >>> classregistry.__import_unknown_modules__ = False